Docker sandboxes for AI agents

Choose Docker Sandbox for a $0 local software fee, E2B for a $0 Hobby platform fee and 20 concurrent sandboxes, or Daytona for a 100 vCPU Tier 2 pool after a $25 top-up. Novita AI has the lowest managed compute rate: $0.11664 per 2 vCPU / 4 GiB hour.

Updated · 9 sources · Methodology

NeedPickWhy
Local execution without a cloud compute chargeDocker Sandbox$0 software fee; local host resources are funded separately.1
No monthly platform feeE2BHobby has a $0 platform fee and 20 concurrent sandboxes.2
Larger Tier 2 resource poolDaytonaTier 2 provides 100 vCPU, 200 GiB RAM and 300 GiB storage after a $25 top-up.6
Lowest managed compute rateNovita AI$0.11664 per 2 vCPU / 4 GiB hour, 29.6% below E2B and Daytona at $0.1656.923

Performance

ProviderExecution hostLifecycle control
Docker Sandbox1Local hostLocal VM start / stop
Novita AI9Managed cloudRemote sandbox API
E2B2Managed cloudRemote sandbox API
Daytona368Managed cloudRemote sandbox API
Modal47Managed cloudRemote sandbox API
Vercel Sandbox5Managed cloudRemote sandbox API

Docker Sandbox · Local microVM sandbox · Local sandbox; host-dependent startup1

Novita AI · 2 vCPU · 4 GiB · Paid tier: 24-hour sessions and 100 concurrent sandboxes; <200 ms average launch, vendor-reported 20269

E2B · 2 vCPU · 4 GiB · Hobby · 1-hour Hobby session; 20 concurrent sandboxes2

Daytona · 2 vCPU · 4 GiB · Tier 2 · <90 ms creation, vendor-reported 2026368

Modal · 1 physical core (2 vCPU) · 4 GiB · 5-minute default lifetime; configurable to 24 hours47

Vercel Sandbox · 2 vCPU · 4 GB · iad1 · 45-minute Hobby lifetime; 24-hour Pro lifetime5

Prices and request cost

ProviderCompute / runtime hour100-hour compute cost
Docker Sandbox1Local host costs; no metered compute priceLocal host costs; no metered compute price
Novita AI9$0.11664$11.664
E2B2$0.1656$16.56
Daytona3$0.1656$16.56
Modal4$0.23796$23.796
Vercel Sandbox5$0.3408$34.08
Cost example: 100 runtime hours, 2 vCPU and 4 GiB nominal memory
Novita AI$11.664
E2B$16.56
Daytona$16.56
Modal$23.796
Vercel Sandbox$34.08

Options, strengths and limitations

  1. Novita AI

    Novita Agent Sandbox bills allocated vCPU and memory per second; the first 60 GB of storage is included.9

    Compute / runtime hour
    $0.11664
    Example quantity
    100
    Example total
    $11.664

    Strengths

    • Lowest managed rate in this example: $0.0000098/vCPU-second plus $0.0000032/GiB-second; the paid tier allows 100 concurrent sandboxes and 24-hour sessions.9

    Limitations

    • The free tier allows 5 concurrent sandboxes and 1-hour sessions; paid limits apply after a balance top-up. The <200 ms launch figure is vendor-reported.9

    Sources:9

  2. E2B

    E2B Hobby allows 20 concurrent managed sandboxes.

    Compute / runtime hour
    $0.1656
    Example quantity
    100
    Example total
    $16.56

    Strengths

    • Hobby has a $0 platform fee and 20 concurrent sandboxes.2

    Limitations

    • Hobby sessions stop at 1 hour; 24-hour Pro sessions add $150/month before compute.2

    Sources:2

  3. Daytona

    Daytona Tier 2 pools 100 vCPU across running sandboxes.6

    Compute / runtime hour
    $0.1656
    Example quantity
    100
    Example total
    $16.56

    Strengths

    • Tier 2 provides 100 vCPU, 200 GiB RAM and 300 GiB storage after a $25 top-up.6

    Limitations

    • Tier 2 needs a $25 top-up; its 100 vCPU allowance is pooled, not per sandbox. A linked credit card is required.6

    Sources:3

  4. Modal

    Modal connects Python-defined images to Sandbox execution with a 24-hour maximum lifetime; compare its workflow with E2B.7

    Compute / runtime hour
    $0.23796
    Example quantity
    100
    Example total
    $23.796

    Strengths

    • Sandbox timeout can be configured up to 24 hours.7

    Limitations

    • Sandbox rates are $0.00003942/physical-core-second plus $0.00000667/GiB-second.4

    Sources:4

  5. Vercel Sandbox

    Vercel bills active CPU and provisioned memory separately.

    Compute / runtime hour
    $0.3408
    Example quantity
    100
    Example total
    $34.08

    Strengths

    • iad1 bills CPU at $0.128/hour and memory at $0.0212/GB-hour.5

    Limitations

    • Hobby lasts up to 45 minutes; Pro up to 24 hours. Memory remains billable during I/O waits.5

    Sources:5

Methodology and sources

Docker Sandbox / Novita AI / E2B / Daytona / Modal / Vercel Sandbox. Compute uses 100 total runtime hours, 2 vCPU and 4 GiB nominal memory, with 100% active CPU, before credits and monthly platform fees. Storage, egress and creation charges are excluded. Modal uses Sandbox non-preemptible rates; its physical core is equivalent to 2 vCPU. Vercel publishes GB rather than GiB and bills active CPU; its 4 GB configuration is not byte-identical memory. Daytona’s <90 ms creation figure is vendor-reported in 2026 and is not a matched cross-vendor benchmark. Docker’s local software has no metered host price here and is excluded from the cloud compute cost ranking. Runtime allocation, plan-specific concurrency and lifetime are provider conditions, not a common startup-time column. Published timing statements use different events and do not establish a cross-vendor latency ranking. Novita AI uses its published per-second vCPU and memory rates; its <200 ms average launch is vendor-reported in 2026 and is not a matched benchmark.

  1. Docker Sandbox · Local microVM sandbox specifications and pricing
  2. E2B · 2 vCPU · 4 GiB · Hobby specifications and pricing
  3. Daytona · 2 vCPU · 4 GiB · Tier 2 specifications and pricing
  4. Modal · 1 physical core (2 vCPU) · 4 GiB specifications and pricing
  5. Vercel Sandbox · 2 vCPU · 4 GB · iad1 specifications and pricing
  6. Daytona · resource tiers
  7. Modal · Sandbox lifetime
  8. Daytona · sandbox creation claim
  9. Novita AI · Agent Sandbox pricing and tiers

Explore Novita Sandbox

Evaluate Novita’s managed execution alongside the workload and lifecycle requirements in this comparison.

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