131072 Context
$0.390 / 1M input tokens
$0.390 / 1M output tokens
Demo
API
README
Model Configuration
Response format
System Prompt
max_tokens
temperature
top_p
min_p
top_k
presence_penalty
frequency_penalty
repetition_penalty
README

Model Information

The Meta Llama 3.3 multilingual large language model (LLM) is a pretrained and instruction tuned generative model in 70B (text in/text out). The Llama 3.3 instruction tuned text only model is optimized for multilingual dialogue use cases and outperform many of the available open source and closed chat models on common industry benchmarks.

Model developer : Meta

Model Architecture: Llama 3.3 is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. The tuned versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to align with human preferences for helpfulness and safety.

Training DataParamsInput modalitiesOutput modalitiesContext lengthGQAToken countKnowledge cutoff
Llama 3.3 (text only)A new mix of publicly available online data.70BMultilingual TextMultilingual Text and code128kYes15T+December 2023

Supported languages: English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Hindi, Spanish, and Thai.

Llama 3.3 model . Token counts refer to pretraining data only. All model versions use Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) for improved inference scalability.

Model Release Date:

  • 70B Instruct: December 6, 2024

Status: This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions of the tuned models will be released as we improve model safety with community feedback.

License A custom commercial license, the Llama 3.3 Community License Agreement, is available at: https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-models/blob/main/models/llama3_3/LICENSE

Where to send questions or comments about the model Instructions on how to provide feedback or comments on the model can be found in the model README. For more technical information about generation parameters and recipes for how to use Llama 3.3 in applications, please go here.

Intended Use

Intended Use Cases Llama 3.3 is intended for commercial and research use in multiple languages. Instruction tuned text only models are intended for assistant-like chat, whereas pretrained models can be adapted for a variety of natural language generation tasks. The Llama 3.3 model also supports the ability to leverage the outputs of its models to improve other models including synthetic data generation and distillation. The Llama 3.3 Community License allows for these use cases.

Out-of-scope Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws). Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Llama 3.3 Community License. Use in languages beyond those explicitly referenced as supported in this model card**.

**Note: Llama 3.3 has been trained on a broader collection of languages than the 8 supported languages. Developers may fine-tune Llama 3.3 models for languages beyond the 8 supported languages provided they comply with the Llama 3.3 Community License and the Acceptable Use Policy and in such cases are responsible for ensuring that any uses of Llama 3.3 in additional languages is done in a safe and responsible manner.

How to use

You can choose 3 programming languages to access our meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct model.

HTTP/cURL

We provide compatibility with the OpenAI API standard

The API Base URL

1https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai

Example of Using Chat Completions API

Generate a response using a list of messages from a conversation

1# Get the Novita AI API Key by referring to: https://novita.ai/docs/get-started/quickstart.html#_2-manage-api-key 2export API_KEY="{YOUR Novita AI API Key}" 3 4curl "https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai/chat/completions" \ 5 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 6 -H "Authorization: Bearer ${API_KEY}" \ 7 -d '{ 8 "model": "meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct", 9 "messages": [ 10 { 11 "role": "system", 12 "content": "Act like you are a helpful assistant." 13 }, 14 { 15 "role": "user", 16 "content": "Hi there!" 17 } 18 ], 19 "max_tokens": 512 20}'

The response may look like this

1{ 2 "id": "chat-5f461a9a23a44ef29dbd3124b891afc0", 3 "object": "chat.completion", 4 "created": 1731584707, 5 "model": "meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct", 6 "choices": [ 7 { 8 "index": 0, 9 "message": { 10 "role": "assistant", 11 "content": "Hello! It's nice to meet you. How can I assist you today? Do you have any questions or topics you'd like to discuss? I'm here to help with anything you need." 12 }, 13 "finish_reason": "stop", 14 "content_filter_results": { 15 "hate": { "filtered": false }, 16 "self_harm": { "filtered": false }, 17 "sexual": { "filtered": false }, 18 "violence": { "filtered": false }, 19 "jailbreak": { "filtered": false, "detected": false }, 20 "profanity": { "filtered": false, "detected": false } 21 } 22 } 23 ], 24 "usage": { 25 "prompt_tokens": 46, 26 "completion_tokens": 40, 27 "total_tokens": 86, 28 "prompt_tokens_details": null, 29 "completion_tokens_details": null 30 }, 31 "system_fingerprint": "" 32}

If you want to receive a response via streaming, simply pass "stream": true in the request (see the difference on line 20). An example is provided.

1# Get the Novita AI API Key by referring to: https://novita.ai/docs/get-started/quickstart.html#_2-manage-api-key 2export API_KEY="{YOUR Novita AI API Key}" 3 4curl "https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai/chat/completions" \ 5 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 6 -H "Authorization: Bearer ${API_KEY}" \ 7 -d '{ 8 "model": "meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct", 9 "messages": [ 10 { 11 "role": "system", 12 "content": "Act like you are a helpful assistant." 13 }, 14 { 15 "role": "user", 16 "content": "Hi there!" 17 } 18 ], 19 "max_tokens": 512, 20 "stream": true 21}'

The response may look like this

1data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"role":"assistant"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 2 3... 4 5data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"n, ne"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 6 7data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"ed"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 8 9data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":" assi"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 10 11data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"s"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 12 13data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"tan"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 14 15data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"ce wi"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 16 17... 18 19data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":" "},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 20 21data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"just want to chat?"},"finish_reason":"stop","content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 22 23data: [DONE]

Model Parameters

Feel free to check out our documentation for more details.

Python

First, install the official OpenAI Python client

1pip install 'openai>=1.0.0'

and then you can run inferences with us

Example of Using Chat Completions API

Generate a response using a list of messages from a conversation

1from openai import OpenAI 2 3client = OpenAI( 4 base_url="https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai", 5 # Get the Novita AI API Key by referring to: https://novita.ai/docs/get-started/quickstart.html#_2-manage-api-key. 6 api_key="<YOUR Novita AI API Key>", 7) 8 9model = "meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct" 10stream = True # or False 11max_tokens = 512 12 13chat_completion_res = client.chat.completions.create( 14 model=model, 15 messages=[ 16 { 17 "role": "system", 18 "content": "Act like you are a helpful assistant.", 19 }, 20 { 21 "role": "user", 22 "content": "Hi there!", 23 } 24 ], 25 stream=stream, 26 max_tokens=max_tokens, 27) 28 29if stream: 30 for chunk in chat_completion_res: 31 print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content or "") 32else: 33 print(chat_completion_res.choices[0].message.content)

If you set stream: true (line 10), the print may look like this

1It' 2s 3 ni 4ce to 5meet you. 6Is 7 the 8re so 9meth 10ing I 11 can h 12e 13lp 14you wi 15th t 16oday, 17 or 18 woul 19d 20 you like to chat?

If you don't want to receive a response via streaming, simply set stream: false. The output will look like this

1How can I assist you today? Do you have any questions or topics you'd like to discuss?

Model Parameters

Feel free to check out our documentation for more details.

JavaScript

First, install the official OpenAI JavaScript client

1npm install openai

and then you can run inferences with us in the browser or in node.js

Example of Using Chat Completions API

Generate a response using a list of messages from a conversation

1import OpenAI from "openai"; 2 3const openai = new OpenAI({ 4 baseURL: "https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai", 5 apiKey: "<YOUR Novita AI API Key>", 6}); 7const stream = true; // or false 8 9async function run() { 10 const completion = await openai.chat.completions.create({ 11 messages: [ 12 { 13 role: "system", 14 content: "Act like you are a helpful assistant.", 15 }, 16 { 17 role: "user", 18 content: "Hi there!" 19 } 20 ], 21 model: "meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct", 22 stream 23 }); 24 25 if (stream) { 26 for await (const chunk of completion) { 27 if (chunk.choices[0].finish_reason) { 28 console.log(chunk.choices[0].finish_reason); 29 } else { 30 console.log(chunk.choices[0].delta.content); 31 } 32 } 33 } else { 34 console.log(JSON.stringify(completion)); 35 } 36} 37 38run();

If you set stream: true (line 7), the print may look like this

1It' 2s 3 nic 4e to 5 m 6eet you 7. Ho 8w can 9I 10 as 11sist 12 you 13toda 14y? Do you 15hav 16e any q 17uest 18io 19ns or 20 to 21pics you 22' 23d 24li 25ke to 26 di 27scuss 28stop

If you don't want to receive a response via streaming, simply set stream: false. The output will look like this

1{ 2 "id": "chat-a3ff0e39b4c24abcbd258ab1a1f38db9", 3 "object": "chat.completion", 4 "created": 1731642457, 5 "model": "meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct", 6 "choices": [ 7 { 8 "index": 0, 9 "message": { 10 "role": "assistant", 11 "content": "How can I help you today? Would you like to talk about something specific or just have a chat? I'm here to assist you with any questions or information you might need." 12 }, 13 "finish_reason": "stop", 14 "content_filter_results": { 15 "hate": { "filtered": false }, 16 "self_harm": { "filtered": false }, 17 "sexual": { "filtered": false }, 18 "violence": { "filtered": false }, 19 "jailbreak": { "filtered": false, "detected": false }, 20 "profanity": { "filtered": false, "detected": false } 21 } 22 } 23 ], 24 "usage": { 25 "prompt_tokens": 46, 26 "completion_tokens": 37, 27 "total_tokens": 83, 28 "prompt_tokens_details": null, 29 "completion_tokens_details": null 30 }, 31 "system_fingerprint": "" 32}

Model Parameters

Feel free to check out our documentation for more details.

Hardware and Software

Training Factors We used custom training libraries, Meta's custom built GPU cluster, and production infrastructure for pretraining. Fine-tuning, annotation, and evaluation were also performed on production infrastructure.

Training Energy Use Training utilized a cumulative of 39.3M GPU hours of computation on H100-80GB (TDP of 700W) type hardware, per the table below. Training time is the total GPU time required for training each model and power consumption is the peak power capacity per GPU device used, adjusted for power usage efficiency.

Training Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimated total location-based greenhouse gas emissions were 11,390 tons CO2eq for training. Since 2020, Meta has maintained net zero greenhouse gas emissions in its global operations and matched 100% of its electricity use with renewable energy, therefore the total market-based greenhouse gas emissions for training were 0 tons CO2eq.

Training Time (GPU hours)Training Power Consumption (W)Training Location-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions (tons CO2eq)Training Market-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions (tons CO2eq)
Llama 3.3 70B7.0M7002,0400

The methodology used to determine training energy use and greenhouse gas emissions can be found here. Since Meta is openly releasing these models, the training energy use and greenhouse gas emissions will not be incurred by others.

Training Data

Overview: Llama 3.3 was pretrained on ~15 trillion tokens of data from publicly available sources. The fine-tuning data includes publicly available instruction datasets, as well as over 25M synthetically generated examples.

Data Freshness: The pretraining data has a cutoff of December 2023.

Benchmarks - English Text

In this section, we report the results for Llama 3.3 relative to our previous models.

Instruction tuned models

CategoryBenchmark# ShotsMetricLlama 3.1 8B InstructLlama 3.1 70B InstructLlama-3.3 70B InstructLlama 3.1 405B Instruct
MMLU (CoT)0macro_avg/acc73868688.6
MMLU Pro (CoT)5macro_avg/acc48.366.468.973.3
SteerabilityIFEval80.487.592.188.6
ReasoningGPQA Diamond (CoT)0acc31.84850.549
CodeHumanEval0pass@172.680.588.489
MBPP EvalPlus (base)0pass@172.88687.688.6
MathMATH (CoT)0sympy_intersection_score51.9687773.8
Tool UseBFCL v20overall_ast_summary/macro_avg/valid65.477.577.381.1
MultilingualMGSM0em68.986.991.191.6

Responsibility & Safety

As part of our Responsible release approach, we followed a three-pronged strategy to managing trust & safety risks:

  • Enable developers to deploy helpful, safe and flexible experiences for their target audience and for the use cases supported by Llama.
  • Protect developers against adversarial users aiming to exploit Llama capabilities to potentially cause harm.
  • Provide protections for the community to help prevent the misuse of our models.

Responsible deployment

Llama is a foundational technology designed to be used in a variety of use cases, examples on how Meta’s Llama models have been responsibly deployed can be found in our Community Stories webpage. Our approach is to build the most helpful models enabling the world to benefit from the technology power, by aligning our model safety for the generic use cases addressing a standard set of harms. Developers are then in the driver seat to tailor safety for their use case, defining their own policy and deploying the models with the necessary safeguards in their Llama systems. Llama 3.3 was developed following the best practices outlined in our Responsible Use Guide, you can refer to the Responsible Use Guide to learn more.

Llama 3.3 instruct

Our main objectives for conducting safety fine-tuning are to provide the research community with a valuable resource for studying the robustness of safety fine-tuning, as well as to offer developers a readily available, safe, and powerful model for various applications to reduce the developer workload to deploy safe AI systems. For more details on the safety mitigations implemented please read the Llama 3 paper.

Fine-tuning data We employ a multi-faceted approach to data collection, combining human-generated data from our vendors with synthetic data to mitigate potential safety risks. We’ve developed many large language model (LLM)-based classifiers that enable us to thoughtfully select high-quality prompts and responses, enhancing data quality control.

Refusals and Tone Building on the work we started with Llama 3, we put a great emphasis on model refusals to benign prompts as well as refusal tone. We included both borderline and adversarial prompts in our safety data strategy, and modified our safety data responses to follow tone guidelines.

Llama 3.3 systems

Large language models, including Llama 3.3, are not designed to be deployed in isolation but instead should be deployed as part of an overall AI system with additional safety guardrails as required. Developers are expected to deploy system safeguards when building agentic systems. Safeguards are key to achieve the right helpfulness-safety alignment as well as mitigating safety and security risks inherent to the system and any integration of the model or system with external tools. As part of our responsible release approach, we provide the community with safeguards that developers should deploy with Llama models or other LLMs, including Llama Guard 3, Prompt Guard and Code Shield. All our reference implementations demos contain these safeguards by default so developers can benefit from system-level safety out-of-the-box.

New capabilities

Note that this release introduces new capabilities, including a longer context window, multilingual inputs and outputs and possible integrations by developers with third party tools. Building with these new capabilities requires specific considerations in addition to the best practices that generally apply across all Generative AI use cases.

Tool-use : Just like in standard software development, developers are responsible for the integration of the LLM with the tools and services of their choice. They should define a clear policy for their use case and assess the integrity of the third party services they use to be aware of the safety and security limitations when using this capability. Refer to the Responsible Use Guide for best practices on the safe deployment of the third party safeguards.

Multilinguality : Llama 3.3 supports 7 languages in addition to English: French, German, Hindi, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Thai. Llama may be able to output text in other languages than those that meet performance thresholds for safety and helpfulness. We strongly discourage developers from using this model to converse in non-supported languages without implementing finetuning and system controls in alignment with their policies and the best practices shared in the Responsible Use Guide.

Evaluations

We evaluated Llama models for common use cases as well as specific capabilities. Common use cases evaluations measure safety risks of systems for most commonly built applications including chat bot, coding assistant, tool calls. We built dedicated, adversarial evaluation datasets and evaluated systems composed of Llama models and Llama Guard 3 to filter input prompt and output response. It is important to evaluate applications in context, and we recommend building dedicated evaluation dataset for your use case. Prompt Guard and Code Shield are also available if relevant to the application.

Capability evaluations measure vulnerabilities of Llama models inherent to specific capabilities, for which were crafted dedicated benchmarks including long context, multilingual, tools calls, coding or memorization.

Red teaming For both scenarios, we conducted recurring red teaming exercises with the goal of discovering risks via adversarial prompting and we used the learnings to improve our benchmarks and safety tuning datasets. We partnered early with subject-matter experts in critical risk areas to understand the nature of these real-world harms and how such models may lead to unintended harm for society. Based on these conversations, we derived a set of adversarial goals for the red team to attempt to achieve, such as extracting harmful information or reprogramming the model to act in a potentially harmful capacity. The red team consisted of experts in cybersecurity, adversarial machine learning, responsible AI, and integrity in addition to multilingual content specialists with background in integrity issues in specific geographic markets. .

Critical and other risks

We specifically focused our efforts on mitigating the following critical risk areas:

1- CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive materials) helpfulness To assess risks related to proliferation of chemical and biological weapons, we performed uplift testing designed to assess whether use of the Llama 3.3 model could meaningfully increase the capabilities of malicious actors to plan or carry out attacks using these types of weapons.

  1. Child Safety

Child Safety risk assessments were conducted using a team of experts, to assess the model’s capability to produce outputs that could result in Child Safety risks and inform on any necessary and appropriate risk mitigations via fine tuning. We leveraged those expert red teaming sessions to expand the coverage of our evaluation benchmarks through Llama 3 model development. For Llama 3, we conducted new in-depth sessions using objective based methodologies to assess the model risks along multiple attack vectors including the additional languages Llama 3 is trained on. We also partnered with content specialists to perform red teaming exercises assessing potentially violating content while taking account of market specific nuances or experiences.

  1. Cyber attack enablement Our cyber attack uplift study investigated whether LLMs can enhance human capabilities in hacking tasks, both in terms of skill level and speed. Our attack automation study focused on evaluating the capabilities of LLMs when used as autonomous agents in cyber offensive operations, specifically in the context of ransomware attacks. This evaluation was distinct from previous studies that considered LLMs as interactive assistants. The primary objective was to assess whether these models could effectively function as independent agents in executing complex cyber-attacks without human intervention.
README

Gemma 2 model card

Authors : Google

Model Information

Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs.

Description

Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google, built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models. They are text-to-text, decoder-only large language models, available in English, with open weights for both pre-trained variants and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma models are well-suited for a variety of text generation tasks, including question answering, summarization, and reasoning. Their relatively small size makes it possible to deploy them in environments with limited resources such as a laptop, desktop or your own cloud infrastructure, democratizing access to state of the art AI models and helping foster innovation for everyone.

How to use

You can choose 3 programming languages to access our google/gemma-2-9b-it model.

HTTP/cURL

We provide compatibility with the OpenAI API standard

The API Base URL

1https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai

Example of Using Chat Completions API

Generate a response using a list of messages from a conversation

1# Get the Novita AI API Key by referring to: https://novita.ai/docs/get-started/quickstart.html#_2-manage-api-key 2export API_KEY="{YOUR Novita AI API Key}" 3 4curl "https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai/chat/completions" \ 5 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 6 -H "Authorization: Bearer ${API_KEY}" \ 7 -d '{ 8 "model": "google/gemma-2-9b-it", 9 "messages": [ 10 { 11 "role": "system", 12 "content": "Act like you are a helpful assistant." 13 }, 14 { 15 "role": "user", 16 "content": "Hi there!" 17 } 18 ], 19 "max_tokens": 512 20}'

The response may look like this

1{ 2 "id": "chat-5f461a9a23a44ef29dbd3124b891afc0", 3 "object": "chat.completion", 4 "created": 1731584707, 5 "model": "google/gemma-2-9b-it", 6 "choices": [ 7 { 8 "index": 0, 9 "message": { 10 "role": "assistant", 11 "content": "Hello! It's nice to meet you. How can I assist you today? Do you have any questions or topics you'd like to discuss? I'm here to help with anything you need." 12 }, 13 "finish_reason": "stop", 14 "content_filter_results": { 15 "hate": { "filtered": false }, 16 "self_harm": { "filtered": false }, 17 "sexual": { "filtered": false }, 18 "violence": { "filtered": false }, 19 "jailbreak": { "filtered": false, "detected": false }, 20 "profanity": { "filtered": false, "detected": false } 21 } 22 } 23 ], 24 "usage": { 25 "prompt_tokens": 46, 26 "completion_tokens": 40, 27 "total_tokens": 86, 28 "prompt_tokens_details": null, 29 "completion_tokens_details": null 30 }, 31 "system_fingerprint": "" 32}

If you want to receive a response via streaming, simply pass "stream": true in the request (see the difference on line 20). An example is provided.

1# Get the Novita AI API Key by referring to: https://novita.ai/docs/get-started/quickstart.html#_2-manage-api-key 2export API_KEY="{YOUR Novita AI API Key}" 3 4curl "https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai/chat/completions" \ 5 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 6 -H "Authorization: Bearer ${API_KEY}" \ 7 -d '{ 8 "model": "google/gemma-2-9b-it", 9 "messages": [ 10 { 11 "role": "system", 12 "content": "Act like you are a helpful assistant." 13 }, 14 { 15 "role": "user", 16 "content": "Hi there!" 17 } 18 ], 19 "max_tokens": 512, 20 "stream": true 21}'

The response may look like this

1data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"role":"assistant"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 2 3... 4 5data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"n, ne"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 6 7data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"ed"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 8 9data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":" assi"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 10 11data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"s"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 12 13data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"tan"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 14 15data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"ce wi"},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 16 17... 18 19data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":" "},"finish_reason":null,"content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 20 21data: {"id":"chat-d821b951d6ff43ab838d18137aef7d0a","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1731586102,"model":"meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":"just want to chat?"},"finish_reason":"stop","content_filter_results":{"hate":{"filtered":false},"self_harm":{"filtered":false},"sexual":{"filtered":false},"violence":{"filtered":false},"jailbreak":{"filtered":false,"detected":false},"profanity":{"filtered":false,"detected":false}}}],"system_fingerprint":""} 22 23data: [DONE]

Model Parameters

Feel free to check out our documentation for more details.

Python

First, install the official OpenAI Python client

1pip install 'openai>=1.0.0'

and then you can run inferences with us

Example of Using Chat Completions API

Generate a response using a list of messages from a conversation

1from openai import OpenAI 2 3client = OpenAI( 4 base_url="https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai", 5 # Get the Novita AI API Key by referring to: https://novita.ai/docs/get-started/quickstart.html#_2-manage-api-key. 6 api_key="<YOUR Novita AI API Key>", 7) 8 9model = "google/gemma-2-9b-it" 10stream = True # or False 11max_tokens = 512 12 13chat_completion_res = client.chat.completions.create( 14 model=model, 15 messages=[ 16 { 17 "role": "system", 18 "content": "Act like you are a helpful assistant.", 19 }, 20 { 21 "role": "user", 22 "content": "Hi there!", 23 } 24 ], 25 stream=stream, 26 max_tokens=max_tokens, 27) 28 29if stream: 30 for chunk in chat_completion_res: 31 print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content or "") 32else: 33 print(chat_completion_res.choices[0].message.content)

If you set stream: true (line 10), the print may look like this

1It' 2s 3 ni 4ce to 5meet you. 6Is 7 the 8re so 9meth 10ing I 11 can h 12e 13lp 14you wi 15th t 16oday, 17 or 18 woul 19d 20 you like to chat?

If you don't want to receive a response via streaming, simply set stream: false. The output will look like this

1How can I assist you today? Do you have any questions or topics you'd like to discuss?

Model Parameters

Feel free to check out our documentation for more details.

JavaScript

First, install the official OpenAI JavaScript client

1npm install openai

and then you can run inferences with us in the browser or in node.js

Example of Using Chat Completions API

Generate a response using a list of messages from a conversation

1import OpenAI from "openai"; 2 3const openai = new OpenAI({ 4 baseURL: "https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai", 5 apiKey: "<YOUR Novita AI API Key>", 6}); 7const stream = true; // or false 8 9async function run() { 10 const completion = await openai.chat.completions.create({ 11 messages: [ 12 { 13 role: "system", 14 content: "Act like you are a helpful assistant.", 15 }, 16 { 17 role: "user", 18 content: "Hi there!" 19 } 20 ], 21 model: "google/gemma-2-9b-it", 22 stream 23 }); 24 25 if (stream) { 26 for await (const chunk of completion) { 27 if (chunk.choices[0].finish_reason) { 28 console.log(chunk.choices[0].finish_reason); 29 } else { 30 console.log(chunk.choices[0].delta.content); 31 } 32 } 33 } else { 34 console.log(JSON.stringify(completion)); 35 } 36} 37 38run();

If you set stream: true (line 7), the print may look like this

1It' 2s 3 nic 4e to 5 m 6eet you 7. Ho 8w can 9I 10 as 11sist 12 you 13toda 14y? Do you 15hav 16e any q 17uest 18io 19ns or 20 to 21pics you 22' 23d 24li 25ke to 26 di 27scuss 28stop

If you don't want to receive a response via streaming, simply set stream: false. The output will look like this

1{ 2 "id": "chat-a3ff0e39b4c24abcbd258ab1a1f38db9", 3 "object": "chat.completion", 4 "created": 1731642457, 5 "model": "google/gemma-2-9b-it", 6 "choices": [ 7 { 8 "index": 0, 9 "message": { 10 "role": "assistant", 11 "content": "How can I help you today? Would you like to talk about something specific or just have a chat? I'm here to assist you with any questions or information you might need." 12 }, 13 "finish_reason": "stop", 14 "content_filter_results": { 15 "hate": { "filtered": false }, 16 "self_harm": { "filtered": false }, 17 "sexual": { "filtered": false }, 18 "violence": { "filtered": false }, 19 "jailbreak": { "filtered": false, "detected": false }, 20 "profanity": { "filtered": false, "detected": false } 21 } 22 } 23 ], 24 "usage": { 25 "prompt_tokens": 46, 26 "completion_tokens": 37, 27 "total_tokens": 83, 28 "prompt_tokens_details": null, 29 "completion_tokens_details": null 30 }, 31 "system_fingerprint": "" 32}

Model Parameters

Feel free to check out our documentation for more details.

Model Data

Data used for model training and how the data was processed.

Training Dataset

These models were trained on a dataset of text data that includes a wide variety of sources. The 27B model was trained with 13 trillion tokens and the 9B model was trained with 8 trillion tokens. Here are the key components:

  • Web Documents: A diverse collection of web text ensures the model is exposed to a broad range of linguistic styles, topics, and vocabulary. Primarily English-language content.
  • Code: Exposing the model to code helps it to learn the syntax and patterns of programming languages, which improves its ability to generate code or understand code-related questions.
  • Mathematics: Training on mathematical text helps the model learn logical reasoning, symbolic representation, and to address mathematical queries.

The combination of these diverse data sources is crucial for training a powerful language model that can handle a wide variety of different tasks and text formats.

Data Preprocessing

Here are the key data cleaning and filtering methods applied to the training data:

  • CSAM Filtering: Rigorous CSAM (Child Sexual Abuse Material) filtering was applied at multiple stages in the data preparation process to ensure the exclusion of harmful and illegal content.
  • Sensitive Data Filtering: As part of making Gemma pre-trained models safe and reliable, automated techniques were used to filter out certain personal information and other sensitive data from training sets.
  • Additional methods: Filtering based on content quality and safety in line with our policies.

Implementation Information

Details about the model internals.

Hardware

Gemma was trained using the latest generation of Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) hardware (TPUv5p).

Training large language models requires significant computational power. TPUs, designed specifically for matrix operations common in machine learning, offer several advantages in this domain:

  • Performance: TPUs are specifically designed to handle the massive computations involved in training LLMs. They can speed up training considerably compared to CPUs.
  • Memory: TPUs often come with large amounts of high-bandwidth memory, allowing for the handling of large models and batch sizes during training. This can lead to better model quality.
  • Scalability: TPU Pods (large clusters of TPUs) provide a scalable solution for handling the growing complexity of large foundation models. You can distribute training across multiple TPU devices for faster and more efficient processing.
  • Cost-effectiveness: In many scenarios, TPUs can provide a more cost-effective solution for training large models compared to CPU-based infrastructure, especially when considering the time and resources saved due to faster training.
  • These advantages are aligned with Google's commitments to operate sustainably.

Software

Training was done using JAX and ML Pathways.

JAX allows researchers to take advantage of the latest generation of hardware, including TPUs, for faster and more efficient training of large models.

ML Pathways is Google's latest effort to build artificially intelligent systems capable of generalizing across multiple tasks. This is specially suitable for foundation models, including large language models like these ones.

Together, JAX and ML Pathways are used as described in the paper about the Gemini family of models; "the 'single controller' programming model of Jax and Pathways allows a single Python process to orchestrate the entire training run, dramatically simplifying the development workflow."

Evaluation

Model evaluation metrics and results.

Benchmark Results

These models were evaluated against a large collection of different datasets and metrics to cover different aspects of text generation:

BenchmarkMetricGemma PT 9BGemma PT 27B
MMLU5-shot, top-171.375.2
HellaSwag10-shot81.986.4
PIQA0-shot81.783.2
SocialIQA0-shot53.453.7
BoolQ0-shot84.284.8
WinoGrandepartial score80.683.7
ARC-e0-shot8888.6
ARC-c25-shot68.471.4
TriviaQA5-shot76.683.7
Natural Questions5-shot29.234.5
HumanEvalpass@140.251.8
MBPP3-shot52.462.6
GSM8K5-shot, maj@168.674
MATH4-shot36.642.3
AGIEval3-5-shot52.855.1
BIG-Bench3-shot, CoT68.274.9
------------------------------------------------------------------

Ethics and Safety

Ethics and safety evaluation approach and results.

Evaluation Approach

Our evaluation methods include structured evaluations and internal red-teaming testing of relevant content policies. Red-teaming was conducted by a number of different teams, each with different goals and human evaluation metrics. These models were evaluated against a number of different categories relevant to ethics and safety, including:

  • Text-to-Text Content Safety: Human evaluation on prompts covering safety policies including child sexual abuse and exploitation, harassment, violence and gore, and hate speech.
  • Text-to-Text Representational Harms: Benchmark against relevant academic datasets such as WinoBias and BBQ Dataset.
  • Memorization: Automated evaluation of memorization of training data, including the risk of personally identifiable information exposure.
  • Large-scale harm: Tests for "dangerous capabilities," such as chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) risks.

Evaluation Results

The results of ethics and safety evaluations are within acceptable thresholds for meeting internal policies for categories such as child safety, content safety, representational harms, memorization, large-scale harms. On top of robust internal evaluations, the results of well-known safety benchmarks like BBQ, BOLD, Winogender, Winobias, RealToxicity, and TruthfulQA are shown here.

Gemma 2.0

BenchmarkMetricGemma 2 IT 9BGemma 2 IT 27B
RealToxicityaverage8.258.84
CrowS-Pairstop-137.4736.67
BBQ Ambig1-shot, top-188.5885.99
BBQ Disambigtop-182.6786.94
Winogendertop-179.1777.22
TruthfulQA50.2751.6
Winobias 1_278.0981.94
Winobias 2_295.3297.22
Toxigen39.338.42
--------------------------------------------------------------------

Usage and Limitations

These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.

Intended Usage

Open Large Language Models (LLMs) have a wide range of applications across various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model training and development.

  • Content Creation and Communication
    • Text Generation: These models can be used to generate creative text formats such as poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
    • Chatbots and Conversational AI: Power conversational interfaces for customer service, virtual assistants, or interactive applications.
    • Text Summarization: Generate concise summaries of a text corpus, research papers, or reports.
  • Research and Education
    • Natural Language Processing (NLP) Research: These models can serve as a foundation for researchers to experiment with NLP techniques, develop algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
    • Language Learning Tools: Support interactive language learning experiences, aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
    • Knowledge Exploration: Assist researchers in exploring large bodies of text by generating summaries or answering questions about specific topics.

Limitations

  • Training Data
    • The quality and diversity of the training data significantly influence the model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data can lead to limitations in the model's responses.
    • The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas the model can handle effectively.
  • Context and Task Complexity
    • LLMs are better at tasks that can be framed with clear prompts and instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be challenging.
    • A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context provided (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a certain point).
  • Language Ambiguity and Nuance
    • Natural language is inherently complex. LLMs might struggle to grasp subtle nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
  • Factual Accuracy
    • LLMs generate responses based on information they learned from their training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They may generate incorrect or outdated factual statements.
  • Common Sense
    • LLMs rely on statistical patterns in language. They might lack the ability to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.

Ethical Considerations and Risks

The development of large language models (LLMs) raises several ethical concerns. In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:

  • Bias and Fairness
    • LLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text data can reflect socio-cultural biases embedded in the training material. These models underwent careful scrutiny, input data pre-processing described and posterior evaluations reported in this card.
  • Misinformation and Misuse
    • LLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading, or harmful.
    • Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the Responsible Generative AI Toolkit.
  • Transparency and Accountability:
    • This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture, capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
    • A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to share innovation by making LLM technology accessible to developers and researchers across the AI ecosystem.

Risks identified and mitigations:

  • Perpetuation of biases: It's encouraged to perform continuous monitoring (using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of de-biasing techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
  • Generation of harmful content: Mechanisms and guidelines for content safety are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and implement appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific product policies and application use cases.
  • Misuse for malicious purposes: Technical limitations and developer and end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of LLMs. Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag misuse are provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in the Gemma Prohibited Use Policy.
  • Privacy violations: Models were trained on data filtered for removal of PII (Personally Identifiable Information). Developers are encouraged to adhere to privacy regulations with privacy-preserving techniques.

Benefits

At the time of release, this family of models provides high-performance open large language model implementations designed from the ground up for Responsible AI development compared to similarly sized models.

Using the benchmark evaluation metrics described in this document, these models have shown to provide superior performance to other, comparably-sized open model alternatives.